Regulation of glucose homeostasis by calorie restriction and periodic fasting

Calorie Restriction, Longevity and Cognitive Function

Tissue-specific regulation of SIRT1 by calorie restriction.

Calorie restriction (CR) has been reported to increase SIRT1 protein levels in mice, rats, and humans, and elevated activity of SIRT1 orthologs extends life span in yeast, worms, and flies. In this study, we challenge the paradigm that CR induces SIRT1 activity in all tissues by showing that activity of this sirtuin in the liver is, in fact, reduced by CR and activated by a high-caloric diet. W...

Regulation of glucose homeostasis by GLP-1.

Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) is a secreted peptide that acts as a key determinant of blood glucose homeostasis by virtue of its abilities to slow gastric emptying, to enhance pancreatic insulin secretion, and to suppress pancreatic glucagon secretion. GLP-1 is secreted from L cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa in response to a meal, and the blood glucose-lowering action of GLP-1...

Plasma glucose and the action of calorie restriction on aging.

We tested the hypothesis that retardation of aging by caloric restriction is due in part to decreased levels of plasma glucose over the life span. Male C57BL/6 mice expressing a human GLUT4 minigene (transgenic [TG] mice) and their nontransgenic littermates (NTG mice) were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions. Mice were fed ad libitum (A mice) or 40% less than ad libitum (R mice) ...

Intermittent fasting dissociates beneficial effects of dietary restriction on glucose metabolism and neuronal resistance to injury from calorie intake.

Dietary restriction has been shown to have several health benefits including increased insulin sensitivity, stress resistance, reduced morbidity, and increased life span. The mechanism remains unknown, but the need for a long-term reduction in caloric intake to achieve these benefits has been assumed. We report that when C57BL6 mice are maintained on an intermittent fasting (alternate-day fasti...